Ethan Frome Essays - Ethan Frome, English-language Films, Ethan

Ethan Frome Ethan Frome is a story of ill-fated love, set during the winter in the rural New England town of Starkfield. Ethan is a farmer who is married to a sickly woman named Zeena. The two live in trapped, unspoken resentment on Ethan's isolated and failing farm. Ethan has been caring for his wife for six years now. Due to Zeena's numerous ailments they employ her cousin, the animated Mattie Silver, to help in the house. With Mattie's youthful presence and attitude in the house, Ethan's bitterness of his youth's lost opportunities and the dissatisfaction with his life and empty marriage are reawaken. This resentment leads to Ethan and Mattie in turn, falling in love. However, they never follow their love due to Ethan's morals and the respect he has for his marriage to Zeena. Ethan eagerly awaits the nights when he is able to walk Mattie home from the town dances. He cherishes the ground she walks on and would do anything for her. After a visit to the doctor, Zeena is told that she needs more appreciable hired help. Thus, she decides to send her incompetent cousin away and hire a new one. Ethan and Mattie are desperate to stay together. However, Ethan's lack of financial means and Zeena's health are the deciding factors that will never allow him to leave Starkfield to be with his love. When the two are unable to find any plausible solutions to this issue, Ethan and Mattie decide to commit suicide by sledding into a tree. They figure it is the only way they can be together. The attempt fails, and the two are left paralyzed. Now Ethan's wife must care for the two for the rest of their lives. There were many themes found in Ethan Frome, but the greatest of them all is loneliness and isolation. In college Ethan acquired the nickname "Old Stiff" because he rarely went out with the boys. Once he returned to the farm to care for his parents, he couldn't go out with them even if he wanted to. Whatever he's done has kept him apart from others: tending to the farm and mill, nursing his sick mother and caring for Zeena. Ethan's isolation is intensified, because he is often tongue-tied. He would like to make contact with others but can't. For example, when he wants to impress Mattie with beautiful words of love, he mutters, "Come along." In their own ways, Zeena and Mattie are solitary figures, too. For years, Zeena rarely leaves the house. She's consumed by her illness. Mattie, on the other hand, seeks refuge from loneliness at the Fromes' farm. A year later she chooses to die rather than return to a world of solitude. Edith Wharton uses characters such as Mattie, to express the theme of loneliness and isolation. Mattie Silver is unlike any of the other characters in Ethan Frome. The town of Starkfield is very colorless and dull. When Mattie enters she is wearing bright clothing and ribbons tied in her hair. From her first appearance, the reader becomes aware that Mattie is very different from Ethan's wife. Of all the characters in this novel, Mattie is the most tragic. She was so energetic and full of life that she wanted to free Ethan from this terrible society he lived in. She suggested suicide as a means of escape for the two of them. When the attempt failed, she became paralyzed. She is now stuck in the cold, colorless, world of Starkfield which unto itself is extremely tragic and ironic. The setting of Ethan Frome also expresses the isolation. Around the turn of the century, in Ethan Frome's time, the town of Starkfield was a cold and lifeless place. Life is dreary and cheerless in Starkfield. People stay indoors and keep to themselves. Weeks pass between visits with friends or neighbors. Wharton calls Starkfield a small farming community, and the town does live up to its name. It's barren and it's people are poor. Ethan can barely scrape a living off the land. The town Starkfield afflicts Ethan and helps to shape his destiny. Like the town, he is sullen and run-down. Starkfield sits alone in its valley, isolated from the world around it. Ethan is also isolated. He left the lonely valley to go to college, but since returning he has gone scarcely more than few miles from his remote farm. Physically, and therefore, emotionally, he is trapped by his wife, his farm, and his poverty. Ethan is in some ways, a

three branches of science essays

three branches of science essays Science is such a wide area that it is divided into branches. Biology, chemistry and geology are three of these branches. Each branch of science are very different. They use many of the same techniques in the study of the materials in their area of science, but are very different materials. Biology is the study of life and living things. The French naturalist, Jean Baptiste, introduced the term, biology, in Germany during the 1800s. Biology is also divided into branches. Zoology, botany and anatomy are three of the major branches. Biology studies the life of particular species and their behavior, development and history. What makes biology different from the other branches of science is that it studies living things. Chemistry is the branch of science dealing with the properties, composition and structure of substances and the changes they undergo when they combine or react under specific conditions. Chemistry deals mainly with components of material origin. Organic chemistry is the only branch of chemistry defined as the study of substances produced by living organisms. Physical chemistry is concerned with the physical properties of materials. Chemistry deals with the states of matter. Through experimentation a chemist defines a material by how it reacts under many different situations and how it reacts to other materials. From the earliest recorded times, humans have observed chemical changes and have speculated at their possible causes. By following the history of these observations and speculations the gradual evolution of the ideas and concepts that have led to the modern science of chemistry can be traced. In recent times, a great deal of research has been at the atomic and molecular levels. The study of their reactive characteristics has led to great advances in the us ...

Financial Analysis write up on case provided Essay

Financial Analysis write up on case provided - Essay Example This can be due to the fact that Inventories, over the period of time has shown considerable increase hence necessitating the obtainment of external financing to fund the inventory purchase. Return on equity has greatly dipped as the company despite increasing its equity base has not been able to generate more return on its equity. From the strategic management point of view, the return on equity ratios are more critical since managers has the primary responsibility of creating value for its shareholders which company seem to have failed to achieve for the period under review. The corporate performance specially the return on the equity is a strong indicator to the investors in the capital market signaling the overall future direction of the company. This is also evident from the fact that the share price of the stock of the company has constantly dipped in the period under review and hit a low price of $62 in year 1962. Strategically dwindling confidence of the investors may not help achieve company its proposed objectives as it progresses in the future. A closer look at the gross margins earned by the company suggest that the core costs are well under the control of the company however over the period of time, its operating margins are decreasing showing the lack of control over the increase in the general and administrative overheads. Though organization seems to managing its assets in better way however this may also due to the fact of higher accumulated depreciation. Strategically the decreasing profitability of the company can be a difficult problem to handle with as the outside investors keep a very keen eye on the bottom lines of the organization’s income statements. However it must also be note that the return on the overall capital employed and Return on invested capital, both have shown an abnormal dip as mainly due to constant profitability. The almost constant level of profitability also suggest that

There is a relationship between being a victim of cyberbullying and Essay

There is a relationship between being a victim of cyberbullying and adolescent emotional well-being - Essay Example Literature has denoted that cyber bullying potential effects upwards of 50% of all student aged individuals at some point in their lives. With such a high percentage of impact, it is reasonable to assume that tangential impacts and other causation’s can be affected as a result of this particularly negative behaviour. Litanies of studies have pointed to the fact that cyber bullying has a negative impact upon health, development, and emotional capacity. However, fewer studies have focused upon the direct linkages between cyber bullying and the overall prevalence of depression or low self-esteem.1 As such, the following analysis to engage with these variables and determine whether or not this linkage can fairly and accurately be assumed. Through an engagement with the study in question and an understanding of existing research into the field of human psychology and the impacts of bullying, it is the hope of this author that the researcher can come to a more definitive understandi ng of the impacts that these metrics have upon the student. Tangentially, an even greater hope is that a greater understanding of cyber bullying can assist the researcher in gathering key information that can ultimately be utilized to seek to diminish this type of behaviour; in light of the fact that it has an extraordinarily adverse impact upon the emotional health, outlook, development, and wellbeing of the individual. For purposes of clarity, the methodology that was employed within this particular analysis was originally gathered by Bonnie Barber in Australia. As such, the reports that she collected helped to quantify and categorize the overall levels of depression and self-esteem that were exhibited within groups of students that were both subject to cyber bullying and those that were not. The participants included within this particular data set that were

Chapter Problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chapter Problems - Assignment Example The fourth Amendment to the U.S.A, states that human rights should not be violated from acts pertaining to unreasonable search and seizures (Scheb, 2011). The supreme court of the United States describes the security personnel as uniformed and armed private actors. In addition, if the security personnel are to be included in the Fourth Amendment protection, then they should be ready to serve the citizens just like the normal government officials (Cunningham & Taylor, 1984). This will ensure that crime and violence is curbed in all the states that have been experiencing increased crime rates. 6. What is the rationale for excluding from trial evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment? Is this a compelling justification for the exclusion of criminal evidence from the trial of a defendant accused of a serious felony such as aggravated battery? The main reason that is behind the exclusion from trial evidence obtained in the fourth Amendment may be due to the security officers (Hougan, 1978). It has been noted that the security officers are under estimated in their services. This is due to the fact that they are excluded from the Fourth Amendment protection. ... Since most of these guards are employed by the city government then they are required by the court to comply with the constitutional requirements. The court also proposes that instead of the private police arresting people for crimes committed, they should equip them with the Miranda laws (Cunningham & Taylor, 1984). 8. The Supreme Court has created a â€Å"good-faith† exception to the exclusionary rule where police rely on a search warrant that is later held to be invalid because the magistrate erred in finding probable cause for a search. Should the good-faith exception be extended to cases where police acting in good faith conduct warrantless searches that are later held to be unlawful? In the Fourth Amendment law, the term â€Å"good faith† is used to refer to the reasonableness state of a police officer in the belief of the existence of a warrant that is in fact invalid (Hougan, 1978). In a criminal prosecution, there is no exception to the Fourth Amendment require ment that all seizures and searches are reasonable in line with the good faith exception. Moreover, when the police violate this Amendment, the evidence is inadmissible to the victim of the search or seizure. Therefore, the only instance where a good faith is necessary is when police rely on a warrant in case of a search or a seizure (Feinman, 2010). When an officer performs a search based on his/ her own facts, and not one the basis of a warrant, then it is hard to claim that the police officer committed an unreasonable mistake. However, if a warrant or any other official authorization of search is required, then the police officer can be reported to have violated an individual’s Fourth Amendment

How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essay

How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essay This essay is a discussion of how Social Policy had an impact to the National Health Service (NHS); the essay will pace the discussion in the context of some of the economic, political and social concepts that influence the development of social policy in the NHS. It also discusses the impact of the social policies in relation to social exclusion, inequality and/or poverty. While evaluating the effectiveness of these policies, it will explore the relationships among the different agencies involved in social welfare provision. Social policy is aimed to improve human welfare and meet human needs (Ken 2007 pg 1). During the 1942 Beveridge report on social security, it was recommended that a comprehensive national service should be developed to combat ill health after the Second World War. In 1944 proposals were brought up for the development of the NHS, legislation was passed in 1946 and in 1948 NHS started its operation after the National Health Act (1946). It provided a comprehensive service to the whole population at a relatively low cost. It was to be run nationally and mainly financed from taxation and a small token from National Insurance Fund and was substantially free at the point of delivery Howard (2000). All citizens had to be registered with a family doctor in order to receive free treatment for miner illness and be referred on to hospitals for those conditions that the General Practitioner (GP) could not treat. The NHS had popular support in the 1940s and in 1944 Henry Willink the conservative M inister of health, described the health proposals as representing the: very root of national vigour and national enterprisethe biggest single advance ever made in this country. Webster (1988), Howard (2000 pg98). Despite its achievements and popularity since the 1980s, the NHS has come under increasing pressure and strain from the conservative governments which have seen it as a burden on the economy. It has come under intensive criticism for being professionally dominated, unresponsive to consumers and internally inefficient and ineffective in the use of resources. And as a result in the 1990s the NHS and community Act come in to force and introduced changes that have been seen as the most radical since the 1946 Act that created the service. Though the NHS remained tax funded at the point of delivery, this Act recommended the introduction of an internal or quasi market and the introduction of a split of the NHS budget between those who purchased the services for their population and those who provide the services. The command and control model of the NHS with the Top-down directives was replaced by a system where the local purchasers negotiated contracts with the providers also emphasis was placed on introduction of audit system and better monitoring of performance. Purchasers (the districts) determined what services they wanted and who they should be bought. This means that the trading costs were a priority for the purchasers than the quality of the services. The aim of the conservative government in introducing the markets was to drive up standards and increase accountability (Enthoven, 1985). The conservative government came into power in May 1979 strongly influenced by the political philosophy of the New Right government policy in general strongly promoted business and private enterprise and sought to discourage individuals and families from succumbing to welfare dependency. Reliance on the market (not the state), increased the competition and to a greater choice for individuals- consumer sovereignty- were the principles which underpinned a plethora of policies during the 1980s and 1990s. Individualism was lauded over collectivism Dorey (2005:p.104). Thatcher applied policies of Milton Friedmans monetarism (1980) that aimed at controlling inflation by reducing government borrowing and subsidise industries through privatisation. This involved selling government funded services to companies and individuals who had money to invest Jenkins, (1987). The main aim was to raise money and pay off the government debts and to improve efficiency of nationalised industries. The Natio nal Health Service was not privatised but was reorganised into parts, the medical which was dealt with by the government while the ancillary was privatised to competitive tenders from private companies (cheap bidders win). It was assumed that competition would increase efficiency, reduce costs, create social justice in order for everybody to get equal treatment and discipline medical behaviour. But all this did not work out as planned. For example hospitals were not properly cleaned leading to an increase of infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus skin infection (MRSA) and Clostridium Difficile (CDF). It can be argued that the Thatchers politically influenced policy reforms were aiming at privatisation through the creation of market which is contrary to the foundation principles of NHS which are free at the point of delivery. This argument leads one to question whether Thatcher had prepared the NHS for these radical reforms. But also one wonders if the government had planned how the poor would access NHS services without being excluded on financial merit. King (2005) asserts that there was no immediate overhaul of the NHS in order to render it compatible with and complementary to these new values as it encouraged greater use of private health care while from 1983, health authorities were required to contract out domestic, catering and laundering service. In relation to poverty and inequality, it can be argued that this policy created unemployment for those who lost their jobs during the privatisation and also those who could not afford to pay for private health care; they were excluded from accessing the services. However, Haus argues that Margaret Thatcher saved the British economy by bringing both the inflation and unemployment under control and by creating a more dynamic private sector they called a third way that combines the best aspects of the socialist commitment to equality and market economy. But to her opponents, Haus says that they viewed her policies as new problems and exacerbated existing ones by widening the gap between rich and the poor and by allowing public services to deteriorate (Haus 2009). Much as the privatisation policy appears controversial from Haus perspective, the element of controlling inflation and saving the British economy from the 1980s depreciation implies that there were economic drivers that influenced Margaret Thatcher to reform the policies. This argument is supported by Alcock. He states that social policy development is also closely dependent upon the economic structure of the society and upon the economic growth within it (Alcocks 2008: p.198). One of the new Labours main objectives when elected in 1997 was to make significant improvement in the NHS and in line with that the NHS was to be rebuilt. The government put forward its plans in a White paper. (The new NHS Morden dependable Department of Health 1997). Following the publication of the white paper on the NHS in 1997 and a various other consultation document, wide ranging health reforms were discussed which led to the Heath Act 1999. This Act brought key changes in the NHS. The internal markets which were introduced by the Thatcher government in the 1990s were replaced by a new policy which encouraged co-operation and partnership between health services and between the NHS social services and other care providers. In 2001 primary care groups were established in every area of England with the aim of running the health services. The primary care groups were formed by local groups of doctors and nurses, theses organisations were to oversee the delivery of primary health care to the local community through family doctors. They also directed resources available to the NHS trust and other health service organisation (Blackmoore, 2003). The health Act 1999 together with the health Act 2001 led to the introduction of the Primary Care Trusts which were meant to run health and social service jointly. According to Downey ( 2001 p 34) the health and social Act of 2001 led to a radical shake up of the social service never seen in three decades. The Labour government under Tony Blair made significant changes to the doctors contracts due to economic factors, mainly limitations of the capitation system in GP funding. Instead it introduced what was termed as modern contracts for GPs and hospital doctors. The contracts were to be quality based and doctors were paid on condition upon reaching certain performance targets. GPs were required to meet specified improvements in preventative care as well as quality of their services to patients. The General Practitioners (GPs) were budgeted and were expected to work within those budgets to meet the needs of their patients. They were rewarded if they managed to work within their budge ts and given additional money for running health promotional clinics. They were to shop around for the cheapest provider for their patients. However as they were reluctant to accept patients who would drain on their budgets thus care for the people who needed it most in most cases suffer. Shaun et al (2001). Inspection of the health service was introduced together with the central regulation. This meant that the health care standards and health service delivery were to be monitored by an organisation known as the national institute for clinical excellence. This body was to decide which drugs and new treatments are to be available to patients free on the NHS. In line with the above, another regulatory body was set up. It was known as the Commission for Health Improvement (CHI). This body was to inspect the standards of hospital and primary care. In fact this body was meant to act as Ofsted in providing league tables of schools and colleges but for CHI it created hospital performance league tables by publishing patients survival rates after various hospitals and operations. In contrast however, the publication of league tables with ranking of performance, create negative impact to the primary care trusts and hospital located at the bottom of the table that they provide worst services. It also creates negative impact on the public trust and professional moral because staff may be demoralised in reaching its maximum potential for better services if their hospital is considered to be under performing. Again the use of league tables do not really reflect the quality of hospital treatment, because they include a small number of key clinical areas and doubt go into detail about the process of care. What they really show is the effectiveness of trusts management team rather than standard of clinical care. More so, even if patients are aware of their local hospital performance, they have no choice about where to get better treatment because hospital referrals are decided by GPs. In 1997, the labour government under Blair recommended a welfare review. However, there was no attempt to reverse the changes made by Thatcher and accepted that there can be no return to the Golden Age. The main welfare provision that Labour introduced is called WELFARE TO WORK, A NEW DEAL. It was aimed at helping groups especially young, lone parents and long-term unemployed who rely on benefits, to find work and support themselves. Labours approach was to find a third way between the Golden Age welfare state and the conservative changes. The government introduced a minimum wage to make-work more attractive than claiming benefits. The Blair government did a lot to improve the NHS and in 2002 Blair staked the future of his government to improve the NHS. The distribution of wealth in Britain saw a number of arguments, which were about equality, and the impact of welfare state on various sectors in society. Capitalist do not fund welfare systems as the workers pay for it through direct taxation; they pay for their own health. Poor people carry far more of the tax burden in real terms than the wealthy because the cost of the indirect tax such as VAT on items such as beer and cigarettes take a large portion of their income (Shaun et al, 2000) the wealthy benefits more the welfare state than do the poor such as tax relief on mortgages. Socialist. The socialists argue that the welfare of individuals is the responsibility of the state. They argue for redistribution of income through taxation so that the rich can fund the welfare of the poor. They wish to change the structure of the society to benefit the poor and bridge the gap between rich and poor. The socialists argue in favour of universal access to welfare and are opposed to targeting benefit. Liberals. They argue that welfare is needed to support capitalism and to support the poor. Writers such as Anthony Giddens, suggest that the state cannot leave some of the problems to market forces to solve because these problems are too big or too complicated .The liberals sort out problems as they arise without either looking for them or allowing any rigidly held views influencing common sense views of the events. In conclusion welfare state developed due to a number of factors contributing poverty, sickness, high levels of unemployment after the Second World War. The recommendations of the Beveridge report about the five evil giants influenced the government to introduce the welfare state and to the subsequent changes to the NHS.

High Divorce Rate Essay -- essays research papers

Do you know that our divorce rate in America is 50%? This means that 50% of all marriages in America end in divorce. This means that more than hundreds of people are getting divorced right at this moment. You may ask, what are the divorce rates in America for first marriage, vs. second or third marriage? 50% of first marriages, 67% of second and 74% of third marriages end in divorce, according to Jennifer Baker of the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology in Springfield, Missouri. This means that more people are getting divorced on their third marriage. Divorce is the failure of a couple's commitment to their marital and family roles. Parents may think about their children's well being in deciding whether or not to split, but it's very rare that parents will ask their children about it prior to making a decision. During and following a divorce, there a number of issues parents will usually face. Parents can't just avoid divorce because they will cause children to have emotional pain. When parents make a decision to divorce, children are expected to cope with the decision...